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[ Locations | Map themes & related | Cartographers ]
[ 19th century regional maps of the U.S. ]
A rare, pocket map of "Bleeding Kansas," a primary historic artifact map intended to bring anti-slavery settlers to the territory. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the Kansas Territory with the provision that the issue of whether it would be slave or free was to be decided by "popular sovereignty." This meant that in the years that followed, each side of this conflict tried to flood the territory with their proponents; this map was intended to be sold on the east coast to attract anti-slavery emigrants.
This map was drawn by John Halsall from the best available maps, those of the General Land Office's Surveyor General. Indeed, in the lower right corner of the map is a box with the following text: "The above Map is correct, So far as the field notes have been reported to this Office Surveyor General's Office 1856. Robert L. Ream, Chief Clerk, Surveyor Gen'ls. Office." The map shows the eastern part of Kansas, as far west as the Principal Meridian. Counties are shown and named and the extent of the GLO's survey is indicated with township lines. Indian lands and reservations are also noted, and all the towns, forts, rivers, and roads are indicated clearly. This map was issued both by its author, John Halsall, in St. Louis and J.H. Colton in New York. $2,100
"Nebraska and Kanzas." New York: J.H. Colton & Co., 1856. 12 3/4 x 15 3/4. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition. With decorative border. Denver.
One of the first maps to focus on the northern plains east of the Rockies. New settlers were moving into the northern plains in the early 1850s, and many emigrants passed through the region on their way further west along the Oregon Trail. This area had been part of the original Missouri Territory and with the increasing population, there was a need to break it into smaller units. Thus, in 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by Congress, setting up the two territories as they are shown in this map of but two years later. Kansas Territory is shown with its present north and south borders, but its western border extending into present-day Colorado. The Nebraska Territory is shown reaching all the way north to Canada and as far west as the "heights" of the Rocky Mountains. The territories retained this shape from 1855 until 1861 and few were made just of these territories in this configuration.
As this region was of considerable interest at the time, Colton included an impressive amount of information. Rivers, extremely important for emigrants and settlers alike, are shown with good detail, including the upper Missouri feeders, the two branches of the Platte, and the Arkansas River. Forts, such as Laramie, Atkinson, Clark, Union and many others, are clearly delineated, and Indian tribes are named and located throughout. Of particular interest are the indications of early exploration routes and the main passes over the Rocky Mountains, including the famous South Pass. An important map of an important region in the western expansion of the United States just prior to the Civil War. $375
"Nebraska and Kanzas." New York: J.H. Colton & Co., ca. 1857. 12 3/4 x 15 3/4. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition. Denver.
A slightly later edition of Colton's fine map of the Nebraska and Kansas territories. Issued without the decorative border, this map does add an indication of the Oregon Trail, passing over the South Pass. $350
W.H. Holmes. "A New Map of Kansas." Philadelphia: C. Desilver, 1859. 16 x 26 3/4. Lithograph. Original hand color. Old hinges in top corner and slight bump in bottom right corner. Else, very good. Denver.
An important map of the Kansas Territory, one of the first maps to name Denver and the only atlas maps to show the full Kansas Territory on an individual sheet (though the western-most edge of the territory is not shown). Kansas Territory was created in 1854, running between the 37th and 40th parallels between Missouri and the Continental Divide. Most of the development in the territory took place in the eastern part until late 1858 when gold was discovered at the confluence of the Platte River and Cherry Creek. This precipitated the "Pike's Peak" gold rush of 1858-60, which led to the establishment of the temporary town of Montana and the two settlements of Auraria and Denver City on either side of Cherry Creek (these would combine to form Denver in April 1860). All three of these gold rush communities are shown on this map, one of the first to reflect the Pike's Peak gold rush.
The map shows the development, in terms of counties created and settlements established, in the east, with information in the western part mostly historical and topographical. The many rivers in the region are noted, as are the routes of a number of explorers, including Fremont, Emory, Peck, Merrit and many others. The Indian tribes of the plains (which at the time were the primary inhabitants) are noted, as are Indian battle sites and forts. The foot hills of the Rockies are shown with some detail, a large "Gold Field" printed there. This is a very rare map, this version of which probably published in S. Augustus Mitchell's Universal Atlas of 1860. A seminal map of the Kansas Territory and Pikes Peak Gold Rush $3,850
"Colton's Kansas and Nebraska." New York: Johnson & Browning, 1859. 25 1/4 x 16 1/3. Lithograph. Original hand color. Slight off-setting and some small spots. Otherwise, good condition. Denver.
A.J. Johnson began his map-related career as a book canvasser for J.H. Colton, and in 1859, with I.L. Browning, issued Colton's atlas. This is a map from that atlas showing just the eastern, settled, parts of Kansas and Nebraska in a vertical format. Detail in the counties along the Mississippi is good, with towns, rivers, and roads all indicated. In the west the only things shown are the parallel lines, rivers, the Santa Fe Road, and Fort Kearney. A good early map of these two states. $150
"Kansas and Nebraska." New York: J.H. Colton, 1863. 25 1/4 x 16 3/4. Lithograph. Original hand-coloring. Narrow margins around decorative border, with some chipping just into border. Browning on back at one side. One tiny spot in center. Otherwise, very good condition.
A map of the eastern parts of Nebraska and Kansas issued shortly after they took on their present-day shapes. The territories of Nebraska and Kansas were created in 1854 out of the old Missouri Territory. In 1861, Kansas attained statehood, while the Nebraska Territory lost two-thirds of its land to the newly created Dakota Territory, though it still extended to the Rocky Mountains. The western parts, beyond the 104th meridian, were detached from Nebraska in 1863, thus attaining its present configuration. This map, issued about this time, shows just the eastern parts of Nebraska and Kansas, as there was almost no development in the western parts. Detail is very good of this area, with counties, towns, rivers, Indian reservations, roads and forts clearly indicated and named. Of particular interest are the depictions of the old Santa Fe trail and the "Pony Express and U.S. Mail Route," both heading west off the map. $175
W.H. Gamble. "Map of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado Showing also The Eastern portion of Idaho." Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr., 1863. 11 1/2 x 14. Lithograph. Full original color. Very good condition. Denver.
A fine of the Plains states from Philadelphia publisher S. Augustus Mitchell Jr.. It shows the territories of Kansas and Nebraska shortly after they were reorganized into their present borders (though they were still territories for a number of years yet). Their reorganization was started with the creation of the territory of Colorado in 1861. This territory was formed because of the huge population which had emigrated to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in the "Pike's Peak Gold Rush." When gold was discovered at the junction of Cherry Creek and the South Platte in 1858, tens of thousands flooded to the area over the next couple of years, creating the towns of Denver City and Auraria (the two which joined together to form Denver), as well as Boulder, Golden, Central City, Breckinridge, all of which are shown on this map in the "Gold Region."
Colorado was created to a great extent from the western part of Kansas, which thus was shrunk to its current size. Nebraska also lost some land to Colorado in 1861, but it was mostly reduced that year by the organization of the lands north of 43° N as the Dakota Territory. The last change to its borders, the year this map was issued, occurred when the western part of both Dakota and Nebraska were subsumed in the new territory of Idaho. This was a period of the planning of the trans-continental railroad and Mitchell shows a number of the considered routes with dashed lines. This map was issued at a time when this region was flooded by settlers, miners and emigrants seeking new opportunities in the burgeoning American West. The eastern-most parts of Kansas and Nebraska are shown fairly well settled, and in the west are shown a few new settlements, forts, and Indian tribes. With updated maps in most atlases, Mitchell pictured this fascinating part of American history at a transitional stage. $250
"Johnson's Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado, Idaho & Kansas." New York: Johnson & Ward, 1863. 12 3/4 x 15 1/2. Lithograph. Original hand coloring. Very good condition.
A detailed map of northern plain states (present-day Kansas, Nebraska,Colorado, the Dakotas, Wyoming and Montana). This map shows a configuration of this region which lasted only for one year. In 1863,the eastern part of Washington Territory and the western part of Dakota Territory were broken off to form the Idaho Territory, encompassing what today is Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. The next year the eastern part of this huge Idaho Territory, that shown here, was broken off to create the Montana Territory, with the southeastern part temporarily going back into the Dakota Territory. The detail in this map is most impressive, showing rivers, towns, forts, Indian tribes, and the early trails which criss-crossed this region. This map was issued during the Pike's Peak gold rush, so the four main routes to "Auroria" are shown, the distances of the northern and southern-most routes noted on the map. The gold rush towns of Auraria, Denver, and Montana are all shown, though the first two had by then merged into Denver. $250
"Kansas and Nebraska." Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1864. Lithograph. On thin paper and folded as issues. Fragile at folds with some splitting. Denver.
A finely detailed map based on U.S. government sponsored surveys. A vital period for these two states. The public surveys are found only in the eastern half of each state. $150
A.J. Johnson. "Johnson's Missouri and Kansas." New York: Johnson & Ward, 1864. 17 x 23 1/4. Lithograph. Original hand color. Some stains in left margin, one just into border, and very light spotting. Some minor creases near centerfold. Otherwise, very good condition.
A detailed early map of Missouri and Kansas at an important time in the development of both states. The period just after the Civil War was a time when many were moving from the east to the plains and beyond, and Missouri was often their starting point. This map shows the many roads, trails and railroads in the region, including the Santa Fe trail. The state of Kansas is particularly interesting in showing significant development in the east, but very little to the west. Also included are three attractive vignette scenes of the American west. $175
"Map Showing the progress of the Public surveys of Kansas and Nebraska . 1866." Washington: General Land Office, 1866. 23 5/8 x 33. Lithograph by Bowen & Co. Original outline color. Some typical slight wear and light browning at folds. Very good condition. Wheat: 1151. Denver.
The U.S. General Land Office (GLO) was established in 1812 with responsibility to survey and control the dispersal of public lands. All public land was required to be surveyed prior to settlement, and the first director of the GLO, Thomas Hutchins, set up a systematic process of rectangular survey for the public lands and launched the great national project to survey and map the public domain in the entire country, a procedure which got under way in the famous "seven ranges" of southeast Ohio. Each surveyor was to record not only geography, but also features of the landscape with economic import, such as roads, Indian trails, existing settlements, Indian lands, mineral deposits, and of particular interest, railroads and their rights of way. Of note is that unlike most surveys of the time, the surveyors were instructed not to apply new names to the landscape, but to use "the received names of all rivers, creeks, lakes, swamps, prairies, hills, mountains and other natural objects."
By mid-century the GLO had completed most of the surveys for the lands between the Appalachians and the Mississippi, and so focused most of its attention to the American west for the rest of the century. The GLO published mostly state maps, which were issued in annual reports, bound into state atlases, and in a few atlases that combined all the current maps in progress. These maps produced by the GLO are the most accurate and detailed maps of the U.S., based on rigorous and comprehensive surveys not hindered by commercial concerns. These maps proved very useful to private American mapmakers, and they were often the basis for state and county maps in the second part of the nineteenth century. This 1866 map shows Kansas and Nebraska five years after the former was achieved statehood and the latter was reduced to close to its present borders. The map contains lots of interesting information, especially on minerals and, as noted by Wheat, railroads in this region then undergoing considerable growth. $650
W.H. Gamble. "Map of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado Showing also The Southern portion of Dacotah." Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr., 1867. 11 1/2 x 14. Lithograph. Full original color. Very good condition. Denver.
A revised version of the Mitchell map of the Plains States (cf. above). A year after Idaho was created as a huge territory, the northeastern part of this territory became Montana and the southeastern part, shown in the upper left of this map, was "Attached to Dacotah." $225
"County Map of Dakota, Wyoming, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado." Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr., 1870. 20 x 14 3/4. Lithograph. Original hand color. With old repairs at centerfold separation. Otherwise, very good condition. Denver.
This map shows the northern plains at a time when the railroads were opening up the region to new settlement. Completed in 1869, the transcontinental railroad ran across the center of the area shown here, from Omaha to the South Pass in western Wyoming. The railroads facilitated the movement of emigrants through and into this area--already begun by the emigration to Oregon, the California Gold Rush and Pike's Peak Gold Rush(noted on this map as "Gold Region"). This led to the creation of new states, such as Kansas (1861), Nebraska (1867), as well as territories such as Colorado, Dakota, Montana, and the just created Wyoming (1869).
This detailed map provides a good topographical picture of the region, with the rivers and mountains depicted, as are the locations of the plains Indian tribes which played such an important (and tragic) role in the opening of the west. The maps also well represents the development of this region, picturing towns, forts, roads and trails. Of particular interest is the depiction of the railroads, which are indicated sometimes following the early routes of explorers, also shown on the map. The Union Pacific Railroad, completed just the year before this map was published, is shown running through Nebraska to Cheyenne and then west, while the two railroads into Denver-one to Cheyenne to meet the Union Pacific and one directly east to Kansas City-both completed just the year this map was issued, are both shown. This is a fine map of the classic "Wild West" of popular lore. $185
"Kansas." New York: G.W. & C.B. Colton, [1866]-1870. 16 x 23 1/2. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition.
A map of Kansas published by the Colton firm of New York, copyrighted in 1866 but issued in 1870. This is less than a decade after statehood and shortly after the Civil War, thus near the beginning of the period of significant growth for the state. Population was at the time limited mostly to the eastern part of the state, heading west along the Kansas River. This is where the counties are shown, some with the survey lines done by the GLO. Rivers, towns and forts are indicated, while the extreme western part of the state is virtually empty. Of particular interest is the indication of the Pacific Railroad line crossing the state, just the year after the transcontinental line was completed. A nice early map of the state. $185
"County Map Of Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, and Minnesota." Chicago: Warner & Beers, 1872. 16 1/2 x 13 1/4. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition.
An unusual map from the Warner & Beers Atlas of Whiteside Co. (IL), which contained also maps of other Illinois counties and also the H.H. Lloyd Atlas of the United States. Details in Kansas and Nebraska are quite good, showing the extensive development by the early 1870s reaching west along the rail lines, which are clearly market. Minnesota is also shown as well settled, but Dakota-not yet divided into North and South-is relatively sparsely populated except in the south eastern part. $225
"County & Township Map of the States of Kansas and Nebraska.." Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell, Jr., 1874. 14 18 x 21 3/8. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition.
A Mitchell map of the two states as they were configured shortly after statehood and the completion of the transcontinental railroad. Kansas, through which the Pacific Railroad ran, was highly developed at this point, as can been clearly seen here. The Pacific R.R. is shown, as is the Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe R.R., and a few others in the state, bringing considerable growth of towns, roads, and so forth. Nebraska shows the Union Pacific Railroad passing through, but development is considerably less, limited mostly to the east and south of the Platte River. An excellent early picture of these two plains states. $175
"Asher & Adams Kansas." Washington: Asher & Adams, 1874. 15 1/2 x 22 1/4. Lithograph. Full original hand color. Very good condition. Denver.
An attractive map of Kansas just about a decade after statehood. Still most of the development was in the east, but the burgeoning rail network extending throughout the the state was followed by new surveys and settlements, both features of which are graphically illustrated on this map. Topographical information shows rivers and lakes, as well as towns and counties. Attractive and filled with detail, a nice map of Kansas from shortly before the Centennial. $175
"Kansas." New York: G.W. & C.B. Colton, [1866]-1883. 16 x 23 1/2. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition. Denver.
An updated version of the Colton map of Kansas first produced in 1866. By 1883, Kansas had been a state for two decades, and with the building of the railroads-the Union Pacific and Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe-across its width, not to mention the many other lines, settlement and development had filled in throughout. This map shows that growth nicely, clearly delineating all the rail lines, towns, rivers, and counties. $175
Frank A. Gray. "Gray's New Map of Kansas." O.W. Gray & Son, 1883. 16 x 27. Lithograph by Wm. H. Holmes. Original hand color. Very good condition. Denver.
Kansas had become a state in 1861, but it was in the years following the Civil War that the state's development really took off. This map shows the state after about two decades of impressive growth, with myriad railroads criss-crossing the state, following and bringing with them new settlement. The map was published by the Philadelphia firm of O.W. Gray which began its publishing around mid-century and published regional and U.S. atlases up to the 1880s, first as O.W. Gray and then O.W. Gray & Son. This map is typical of their work, presenting the latest information available with clear and precise detail. The map is especially clear in its depiction of the hundreds of towns now dotted throughout. A fine map of the state. $175
"County & Township Map Of The States of Kansas and Nebraska." Philadelphia: W.M. Bradley & Bro., 1886. 14 x 21 1/2. Lithograph. Original hand color. Old separation along centerfold, archivally repaired. Very good condition.
A neatly detailed map from the Philadelphia publishing firm of William M. Bradley & Bros. While Philadelphia was no longer the main center of cartographic publishing in North America by the late nineteenth century, many fine maps were still produced there, as is evidenced by this map. The burgeoning states are shown with settlement spreading west from the Missouri River, trails, roads and railroads providing the transportation nexus by which this development progressed. The southwestern corner of Kansas and northwestern corner of Nebraska are still relatively underdeveloped, but this frontier in the states is clearly dwindling. $150
"Official Topographical Map of Kansas." Philadelphia: L.H. Everts & Co., 1887. Lithograph on thin paper. Original hand color. 31 3/4 x 15 3/4. Very slight creases at folds. Very good condition. Denver.
A very detailed map of Kansas from Everts' official state atlas. The map is as accurate and detailed as any map of the period, and, as noted in the subtitle, it was "Compiled from Government Surveys, Official Records and Personal Investigations." Done at a scale of 15 miles to an inch, it is larger than most atlas maps and includes such details as US land offices, dry beds of creeks, sand hills, and the usual railroads, roads, counties, settlements and so forth. $185
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