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A fascinating map of the southwestern part of the United States from A. J. Johnson's mid-nineteenth century atlas of the world. Johnson, who published out of New York City, was one of the leading cartographic publishers in the latter half of the century, producing popular atlases, geographies and so on. Beginning in 1860, his atlases included a map of the Western United States from California to just east of the Rockies. This is the second edition of that series, one which shows the fascinating changes in borders and development in this region of the next two decades. This is one of the earliest to show Colorado and Nevada, both of which became territories the year this map was issued, as well as depicting the famous 'horizontal' territory of Arizona.
Johnson includes excellent detail, including indications and names of towns, roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, and mountains are shown throughout, as well as Indian tribes, the routes of explorers, and the "Emigrant Road" to California. The map also contains numerous notes on the history and geography of the region. Of interest is the rendering of the territories, both Colorado and Nevada show the year they were created as new territories, and of even more interest is the historical oddity of an Arizona Territory shown running along the southern edge of New Mexico Territory. After the Gadsden Purchase, in the late 1850s, there was demand for the breaking off an Arizona territory from New Mexico. This culminated in a provisional constitution by the unofficial 1860 Constitutional Convention held in Tucson in 1860 that the southern part of the New Mexico Territory be made into Arizona Territory. In 1861 this self-proclaimed territory ceded from the Union, though in June the following year Union forces took back the territory from the Confederates. The Johnson firm shows Arizona as a separate entity, though it was not officially a U.S. territory until 1863, when it was created with a north-south border instead of the east-west border shown here. The maps produced by nineteenth century publishers, issued in regularly updated atlases, let us see these transient stages in the development of the west. This is certainly is one of the most interesting maps from the early 1860s, a period when the southwest was beginning a time of major development. $550
"J.H. Colton's Map of Nevada, Utah and Arizona." From Colton's Condensed Octavo Atlas of the Union. New York: J.H. Colton, 1865. 10 3/4 x 8 1/2. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition.
An unusual small map of the three territories by one of the leading map publishers of the middle of the nineteenth century, J.H. Colton. Colton's firm, out of New York, published folding and wall maps, and beginning in 1855, a series of folio atlases. Just after the Civil War, Colton issued his Octavo Atlas of the Union. The maps retained Colton's careful detail and attractive coloring. Included are rivers, mountains, lakes, and many of the large and small settlements.
This map shows an interesting period for these territories. Nevada was created just four years earlier and Arizona two years before. Nevada was created because of the gold and silver rush on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevadas, an area well depicted on this map. The original border with Utah was the 116th meridian, but in 1862 the border was moved on degree east. That border is shown on this map, with a dotted line indicating the original border. This is somewhat out of date as just the year before this map was published, the border had been moved another degree east. The border for Nevada would be changed again in 1867, with the western-most part of Arizona became the southern-most part of Nevada.
This map is also interesting for the trails and routes it depicts. Early trading and explorer routes are noted, as is the Pony Express route across Utah and Nevada. The year this map was issued, the first spike was driven at Omaha for the first trans-continental railroad, the route for which through Nevada and Utah is also shown on this map. $165
"Colton's Map of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona & New Mexico." New York: G.W. and C.B. Colton & Co., 1866. 16 3/4 x 26. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition. Denver.
A fascinating map of the southwestern part of the United States by the Colton firm of New York City, issued just after the Civil War. This was a period when the American west was really opening up for settlers and this map captures the region at a very early stage of its development. When issued, the territories had taken on the shape that the states have today, though in this early version of the Colton map of the region Nevada's southern tip is shown as part of Arizona. Detail or topography is very good, but it is the social information that is so interesting. Towns, forts (, Indian tribes, passes, explorer routes, the pony express, and early trails (e.g. "Emigrant Road") are all depicted. Of particular note are the indications of early railroads, both proposed and existing, including the proposed route of the "Pacific R.R." California, in contrast to the territories, is shown extensively developed, with many counties, towns, and a network of roads and rail lines. $325
Go to a sequence of maps of this same area, from about 1860 to 1880
"Sketch of Public Surveys in New Mexico & Arizona." Washington: General Land Office, 1866. 20 3/4 x 28. Lithograph. Original hand color. Mounted on linen. With some light discoloration on one fold. Narrow top left margin, as issued. Otherwise, very good condition. Wheat: 1153. Denver.
The U.S. General Land Office (GLO) was established in 1812 with responsibility to survey and control the dispersal of public lands. All public land was required to be surveyed prior to settlement, and the first director of the GLO, Thomas Hutchins, set up a systematic process of rectangular survey for the public lands and launched the great national project to survey and map the public domain in the entire country, a procedure which got under way in the famous "seven ranges" of southeast Ohio. Each surveyor was to record not only geography, but also features of the landscape with economic import, such as roads, Indian trails, existing settlements, Indian lands, mineral deposits, and of particular interest, railroads and their rights of way. Of note is that unlike most surveys of the time, the surveyors were instructed not to apply new names to the landscape, but to use "the received names of all rivers, creeks, lakes, swamps, prairies, hills, mountains and other natural objects."
By mid-century the GLO had completed most of the surveys for the lands between the Appalachians and the Mississippi, and so focused most of its attention to the American west for the rest of the century. The GLO published mostly state maps, which were issued in annual reports, bound into state atlases, and in a few atlases that combined all the current maps in progress. These maps produced by the GLO are the most accurate and detailed maps of the U.S., based on rigorous and comprehensive surveys not hindered by commercial concerns. These maps proved very useful to private American mapmakers, and they were often the basis for state and county maps in the second part of the nineteenth century. This is the 1866 map of Arizona and New Mexico, issued just three years after Arizona was created out of the western part of the New Mexico territory. The details of Indian tribes and settlements, townships, private land claims, topography, roads, and mines is impressive and fascinating. There was no better mapping of this area at the time and indeed this mapping was the basis for most other maps that followed. $675
"Map of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado & Indian Territory." From Atlas of Kendall County Illinois. Philadelphia: Warner & Beers, 1870. 16 1/2 x 27. Lithograph. Original hand color. Some light stains in upper side margins and a short tear in lower right (with old repair). Otherwise, very good condition. Denver.
A rare map from Warner, Higgins & Beer's atlas of Kendall County, Il. This atlas included maps of other Illinois counties as well as the maps from H.H. Lloyd & Co.'s Atlas of the United States (from which this map originally comes). This map has an unusual combination of states, as listed in the title, but also showing the northern part of Texas. 1870 was a period of considerable growth in the area. Just a decade earlier, gold and silver were discovered in Colorado and Utah, bringing large numbers of new settlers into American west. The end of the Civil War saw further development as many from the East took Greely's advice to "go west." The trails and wagon roads in the area are shown with impressive detail, including the U.S. Mail routes and recently laid "wagon roads."
This was also, of course, the period of great railroad building to handle the increase in immigration to the area and the growth in the region's economy. The trans-continental railroad, shown running along the top of this map, was completed just the year before this map was finished, and it was the year of publication that Denver was finally linked by rail lines both to the trans-continental railroad in Cheyenne, but also directly with the east by the Kansas Pacific Railroad. This map was issued before it was known in the east that these lines were completed, but the map does include an indication of the proposed routes of both. Also shown is the "Projected Rail Road" to Santa Fe, a route completed a decade later. $275
"Gray's Atlas Map of New Mexico and Arizona." Philadelphia: O.W. Gray, 1874. 11 1/2 x 14 1/2. Lithograph. Original hand color. Very good condition. Denver.
An interesting map of these two southwestern territories (both admitted as states in 1912). Arizona had been split off from the original, larger New Mexico territory in 1863 and this map shows the region as it was beginning to develop a decade after the Civil War. Towns, counties and forts are shown throughout. Of particular interest is the information on the railroads in the territory, including the Atlantic & Pacific R.R. and the Texas & Pacific R.R.. Counties are indicated with contrasting shades and topography is shown with hatchuring, both giving the map a pleasant appearance. $150
"County Map of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona." From Illustrated Historical Atlas of Macoupin County Illinois. Chicago: Warner & Beers, 1875. Lithograph. Original hand color. 16 x 14. A few light stains in upper right margin. Else, very good condition. Denver.
A rare map from Warner & Beer's atlas of Macoupin County, Il. This atlas included maps of other Illinois counties as well as the maps from H.H. Lloyd & Co.'s Atlas of the United States (from which this map originally comes). This map is unusual in showing the four territories surrounding four corners. Colorado would become a state just the following year, but the other three would be decades later (Utah in 1896 and Arizona & New Mexico in 1912). Detail in the maps is quite impressive, including early trails and passes throughout, along with surprisingly good topography. In Colorado, the most developed territory, the railroads are shown with some prominence. Attention is paid to forts, towns, and locations of Indian tribes. An excellent map of the region. $210
"The Pacific States and Territories." 1877. 10 7/8 x 8 3/4. Lithograph. Original color. Very good condition. Denver.
Illustrates Washington, Montana, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, California. $45
"County and Township Map of Arizona and New Mexico." Philadelphia: W.M. Bradley & Bro., 1887. 14 x 21 3/4. Lithograph. Original color. Very good condition. Denver.
A neatly detailed map from the Philadelphia publishing firm of William M. Bradley & Bros. While Philadelphia was no longer the main center of cartographic publishing in North America by the late nineteenth century, many fine maps were still produced there, as is evidenced by this map. The map shows the two territories (which achieved statehood only in 1912) which had been split from the original New Mexico Territory in 1863. Topography, political information, towns, and physical features are all presented precisely and clearly. Particular focus is on the many railroads, which were essential in the development of this region, including the Southern Pacific. $150
"Arizona." From Gaskell's Atlas of the World. Chicago: Unknown, 1887. 12 1/4 x 9 7/8. Engraving. A colorful map with full borders. Very good condition.
Towns, railroads, topography and more are all clearly presented on this detailed map. The ten counties at the time are shown in contrasting pastel shades. Indian reservations are also drawn out, with borders shown by colored dashed lines. Idaho on reverse $40
"Arizona." Chicago: Geo F. Cram, 1887. 11 3/4 x 9 5/8. Wax engraving. Very good condition.
A colorful, detailed map of Arizona from the latter part of the nineteenth century. The George Cram Company was an engraving and publishing firm from Chicago. In the mid-nineteenth century, the center of cartographic publishing was New York City, but in the 1880's this began to shift towards Chicago with the advent of the Rand, McNally and Cram firms. These firms were noted for their efficient output of precise maps filled with useful and up-to-date political and cultural information, and details on roads, towns, railroads, and so forth.
"Arizona." From Rand, McNally & Co.'s Indexed Atlas of the World. Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co., 1888. 18 7/8 x 12 3/4. Very good condition.
Large, colorful atlas map of Arizona detailing roads, railroad lines and topography. Historical narrative of the territory on reverse. $85
"Tunison's Arizona." Jacksonville, Illinois: H.C. Tunison, 1889. Wax engraving. Original color. 12 1/4 x 9 3/4. Very good condition. Denver.
A handsome map of Arizona from Tunison's Peerless Universal Atlas. With the development of wax engraving (cerography), more maps and atlases were able to be produced in cities beyond the major centers of New York, Philadelphia and Chicago. Henry C. Tunison issued a series of fine atlases beginning in 1885 and lasting into the beginning of the twentieth century. This is a nice example of his output, showing the Arizona territory at an important and turbulent period of its history. In the 1880s, the shoot out at OK Corral occurred, railroads began to cross the territory and the Apache and Yavapai tribes fought the American settlers and army. This up to date map is an excellent snap-shot of the territory at this time. $125
"Arizona." Chicago: Geo F. Cram, c. 1890. 12 1/8 x 9 3/4. Wax engraving. Very good condition.
Another fine example of the prolific output from the Cram Company. Finer details in this map from those above, but with less color and a decorative border. Utah shown on reverse. $65
Lloyd Edwin Smith. "Arizona." From the Centennial Atlas of the World. Ed. by Frederick J. Branom. Chicago: Geographical Publishing Company, 1931. 20 7/8 x 15. Folio. Chromolithograph. Excellent condition.
A large, attractive and detailed map of the state from the early part of the twentieth century. Location index to towns and counties, with census data, on reverse. Full, but narrow margins. $65
Maps of the "horizontal" territory of ArizonaMaps of Western America and the New Mexico Territory
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